So much of a wine's taste is dependant on its aroma, and serving wine at the wrong temperature can spoil an otherwise excellent experience (too cold and the wine's taste is muted; too hot and the wine tastes flabby or the finish hot). Generally refrigerators are set too cold (38-40°F) for white wines and modern day room temperature (66-70°F) is too warm for reds. However, specialized equipment, beyond a good wine thermometer, isn't always necessary: a few minutes of either letting a white stand to release some of the chill or chilling a red for 15 minutes can work wonders.
Depending on the varieties and quality of the wine the optimum temperature ranges from 40°F to 64°F:
Coldest of all, Champagne and sparkling wine is best enjoyed at 40-44°F. Cool temperature allows the wine to retain its bubbles longer.
White wine comes next with an optimal range of 42-46°F
A fine dessert wine is best enjoyed at 46-48°F - cool enough to keep the wine's sweetness in check, yet not so cold that the taste becomes muted.
An everyday red would come next with a range of 54-56°F
A fine pinot noir necessitates slightly warmer temperatures: 58-60°F
A Red Bordeaux should be served, warmer still, at 60-62°F
And finally the more tannic and aromatic reds should be drunk at 62-64°F